Aaronson M (2007) A holistic approach to the war on terror. Opinion. Available via UNIVERSITY OF SURREY. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/713935/3/Aaronson%202007%20A%20holistic%20approach%20to%20the%20war%20on%20terror.pdf. Accessed 23 Apr 2017
Google Scholar
Aaronson M (2009) International NGOs and international development assistance: what they can and cannot contribute to combating terrorism. In: Tsang S (ed) Combating Transnational Terrorism. Searching for a new paradigm. PSI Reports. Praeger, Praeger Security International/ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara, pp 103–122
Google Scholar
ACBAR (2002) Policy brief: NGOs concerns and recommendations on civil-military relations. ACBAR, Kabul
Google Scholar
ACBAR (2006) Aid effectiveness in Afghanistan: At a Crossroads. ACBAR, Kabul
Google Scholar
Adelman H, Suhrke A (1996) The international response to conflict and genocide: lessons from the Rwanda experience. Study II: Early Warning and Conflict Management, Steering Committee of the Joint Evaluation of Emergency Assistance to Rwanda, London
African Union (2000) Rwanda: the preventable genocide. Available via REFWORLD. https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/4d1da8752.pdf. Accessed 19 July 2021
Google Scholar
American Presidency (AP) Project (2002) Press briefing by Ari Fleischer, 25 February 2002. Available via AMERICAN PRESIDENCY PROJECT. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=61634. Accessed 23 Apr 2017
Google Scholar
Andreas P (2008) Blue helmets and black markets: the business of survival in the siege of Sarajevo. Cornell University Press, London/Ithica
Google Scholar
Annan K (1999) Report of the Secretary-General Pursuant to General Assembly Resolution 53/35: The Fall of Srebrenica. United Nations, Geneva
Google Scholar
Anonymous (1998) Introduction: the humanitarian debate: content and context. Refugee Surv Q 17(1):vi–xvi. https://doi.org/10.1093/rsq/17.1.vi
Article
Google Scholar
Ashdown P, et al (2011) Humanitarian Emergency Response Review. Department for International Development, London
Associated Press (2002) U.N. Afghan Forces to Be Extended, 28 March 2002
Google Scholar
Balanzino S (1999) NATO's humanitarian support to the victims of the Kosovo crisis. NATO Rev 47(2):9–13
Google Scholar
Barakat S, Guistozzi A, Langton C, Murphy M, Sedra M, Strand A (2008) Department for international development. understanding Afghanistan—strategic conflict assessment - 2.4 Final Report. Post-war Reconstruction and Development Unit, York
Google Scholar
Barnett M (1996) The politics of indifference. In: Cushman T, Mestrovic S (eds) This Time We Knew: Western Responses to Genocide in Bosnia. New York University Press, New York/London, pp 128–162
Google Scholar
Barnett M (2002) Eyewitness to a genocide. Cornell University Press, Ithica
Google Scholar
Bayart J-F, Massiah G (1995) La France au Rwanda: Entretien. Les Temps Modernes 583:217–227
Google Scholar
Bellamy A (2003) Humanitarian responsibilities and interventionist claims in international society. Rev Int Stud 29(3):321–340. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210503003218
Article
Google Scholar
Bennett J, Pantuliano S, Fenton W, Vaux T, Barnett C, Brusset E (2010) Aiding the peace: a multi-donor evaluation of support to conflict prevention and peacebuilding activities in Southern Sudan 2005-2010. ITAD Ltd, Hove
Google Scholar
Binet L (2015) Medecins sans Frontieres and the War in Former Yugoslavia 1992-2003. MSF, Paris
Google Scholar
Bishop J (2004) Relations with the military: the InterAction experience. In: UNOCHA (2004) The humanitarian decade: challenges for humanitarian assistance in the last decade and into the future. VOl II: Gen Ass Res 46/182: THe development of practice, principles and the humanitarian framework. UNOCHA, New York, pp 121–124
Google Scholar
Blair T (1999) Crisis in Europe—the War Must Go on. Sunday Mirror, 9 May 1999
Google Scholar
Blair T (2001) Memo to President George W Bush, dated 4 December 2001. Available via BBC. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/06_07_2016_memo4dec01.pdf . Accessed 25 July 2018
Google Scholar
Blanchard L (2016) Conflict in South Sudan and the Challenges Ahead. Congressional Research Service Report, Washington D.C
Google Scholar
Blumi I (2005) Administration and Governance in Kosovo: lessons learned and lessons to be learned. Policy Research Series Occasional Paper, Kosovar Institute for Policy Research and Development, Pristina/Geneva
Google Scholar
Borton J, Brusset E, Hallam A (1996) The International Response to Conflict and Genocide: Lessons from the Rwanda Experience. Study III: Humanitarian Aid and Effects, Steering Committee of the Joint Evaluation of Emergency Assistance to Rwanda, London
Google Scholar
Borton J, Eriksson (2004) Lessons from Rwanda—lessons for today. assessment of the impact and influence of the joint evaluation of emergency assistance to Rwanda. Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Evaluation Department, Aarhus
Google Scholar
Boutros-Ghali B (1994a) Report of the Secretary-General on emergency assistance for the socio-economic rehabilitation of Rwanda A/49/516. United Nations, Geneva
Google Scholar
Boutros-Ghali B (1994b) Report of the UN Secretary-General on Security in the Rwandese Refugee Camps S/1994/1308. United Nations, Geneva
Google Scholar
Boutros-Ghali B (1999) Unvanquished: A US-UN Saga. Random House, New York
Google Scholar
Boyle M (2010) Revenge and reprisal violence in Kosovo. Confl Secur Dev 10(2):189–216. https://doi.org/10.1080/14678801003665968
Article
Google Scholar
Bradol J-H (2004) The sacrificial international order and humanitarian action. In: Weissman F (ed) In the Shadow of 'Just Wars': Violence, Politics and Humanitarian Action. Hurst and Company, London, pp 1–25
Google Scholar
Brauman R (1995) Genocide in Rwanda: we can't say we didn't know. In: Queinnec E, Rigal J (eds) Populations In Danger. La Decouverte, Paris, pp 85–91
Google Scholar
Brauman R (1996) Mortelles illusions: Bosnie, la guerre des intellectuels. Libération, 14 September 1996
Google Scholar
Brauman R (2004) From philanthropy to humanitarianism: remarks and an interview. South Atlantic Q 103(2/3):397–417. https://doi.org/10.1215/00382876-103-2-3-397
Article
Google Scholar
Bryer D (1996) Lessons from Bosnia: the role of NGOs. Seminar paper presented at All Souls College, Oxford University, 1 March 1996. (on file with the author)
Burkhalter H (1994/5) The question of genocide: the Clinton administration and Rwanda. World Policy J 11(4):44-54
Byrans M, Jones B, Stein J (1999) Mean times: humanitarian action in complex political emergencies stark choices, cruel dilemmas. report of the NGOs in complex political emergencies program on conflict management and negotiation, University of Toronto
Byrnes S (2013) The Kosovo diplomatic observer missions. In: Pettifer J (ed) Albania and The Balkans: Essays in Honour of Sir Reginald Hibbert. Elbow Publishing, Cornwall, pp 217–242
Google Scholar
Cahill K (2007) Introduction. In: Cahill K (ed) The pulse of humanitarian assistance. Fordham University Press & Centre for International Cooperation, New York, pp 1–10
Google Scholar
CARE International (2002) CARE International in Afghanistan Policy Brief: Rebuilding Afghanistan A Little Less Talk a Lot More Action
Google Scholar
Carlsson I, Sung-Joo H, Kupolati RM (1999) Report of the independent inquiry into the actions of the United Nations during the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda S/1999/1257. United Nations, Geneva/New York
Google Scholar
Channel 4 (2009) FactCheck: a shot in Afghanistan? Available via CHANNEL 4 http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/uk/factcheck+a+shot+in+afghanistan/3266362.html . Accessed 23 Apr 2017
Google Scholar
Chayes S (2007) Punishment of Virtue: Inside Afghanistan after the Taliban. Portobello, London
Google Scholar
Chipman J (1989) French power in Black Africa. Blackwell Publishers, Oxford
Google Scholar
Christian Aid (2004) The politics of poverty: aid in the New Cold War. Christian Aid, London
Google Scholar
Clinton B (1999) Address by Bill Clinton to the 54th Session of the UN General Assembly. Available via US DEPARTMENT OF STATE. https://2009-2017.state.gov/p/io/potusunga/207554.htm. Accessed 23 Apr 2017
Google Scholar
CNN (2001) Transcript: leaders react to taking of Kabul. Available via CNN. http://edition.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0111/13/bn.01.html. Accessed 23 Apr 2017
Google Scholar
CNN (2002) Bush, Karzai vow to rebuild Afghanistan, 28 January 2002
Google Scholar
Cohen N (2007) Now we won’t even let the Brave take Risks. The Guardian, 11 November 2007
Google Scholar
Dachy E (2001) La Raison Humanitaire au Kosovo. Les Temps Modernes 615-6(4):114–134. https://doi.org/10.3917/ltm.615.0114
Article
Google Scholar
Dachy E (2004) L'action humanitaire : realités et représentations. Les Temps Modernes 627(2):22–42. https://doi.org/10.3917/ltm.627.0022
Article
Google Scholar
de Saint-Exupery P (1998) Rwanda : Les Trous Noirs d’une Enquete. Le Figaro, 17 December 1998
Google Scholar
de Torrente N (2005) MSF’s relation to political power—strengthening our independence and building a renewed base of support for humanitarian action. In: My Sweet La Mancha – Voluntary and Invited Contributions, December 2005. Médecins sans Frontières (internal document)
Google Scholar
de Waal A (1997) Famine Crimes. James Currey, Oxford
Google Scholar
de Waal A, Omaar R (1993) Somalia operation restore hope: a preliminary assessment. African Rights, London
Google Scholar
de Waal A, Omaar R (1994) Humanitarianism unbound: current dilemmas facing multi-mandate relief operations in political emergencies. African Rights, London
Google Scholar
de Waal A, Omaar R (1995) Imposing empowerment: aid and civil institutions in Southern Sudan. African Rights, London
Google Scholar
Deen T (2019) UN Security Council Members: Preaching World Peace by Day, Peddling Lethal Weapons by Night. Available via TOWARD FREEDOM. https://towardfreedom.org/story/archives/middle-east/un-security-council-members-preaching-world-peace-by-day-peddling-lethal-weapons-by-night/. Accessed 20 July 2021
Google Scholar
Destexhe A (1993) L'Humanitaire impossible ou deux siecles d'ambiguite. Armand Colin, Paris
Google Scholar
Destexhe A (1996) From Solferino to Sarajevo. Health Hum Rights 2(1):46–57. https://doi.org/10.2307/4065235
Article
Google Scholar
Destexhe A (2000) Neutrality or impartiality. In: Cahill K (ed) Preventative diplomacy: stopping wars before they start. Routledge, London, pp 101–118
Google Scholar
Dietrich J (2005) The George W. Bush foreign policy reader: presidential speeches with commentary. M.E. Sharpe, London
Google Scholar
Dobbins J (2008) After the Taliban: nation-building in Afghanistan. Potomac Books Inc, Dulles
Google Scholar
Donini A (2009) Humanitarian Agenda 2015: principles, power and perceptions—Afghanistan: Humanitarianism under Threat. Feinstein International Centre, Medford
Google Scholar
Donini A, Fast L, Hansen G, Harris S, Minear L, Mowjee T, Wilder A (2008) The state of the humanitarian enterprise. Humanitarian Agenda 2015: Final Report. Feinstein International Centre, Medford
Google Scholar
DuBois M (2018) The new humanitarian basics. HPG Working Paper. Overseas Development Institute, London
Google Scholar
Duffield M (1994) Complex political emergencies : with reference to Angola and Bosnia, an exploratory report for UNICEF. School of Public Policy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham
Google Scholar
Dziedzic M (2006) Kosovo. In: Durch W (ed) Twenty-first-century peace operations. United States Institute for Peace & The Henry L. Stimson Centre, Washington DC, pp 319–388
Google Scholar
Economides S, Berdal M (2007) Kosovo. In: Economides S, Berdal M (eds) United Nations Interventionism, 1991-2004. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 217–245
Google Scholar
Egnell R (2010) Winning 'hearts and minds'? A critical analysis of counter-insurgency operations in Afghanistan. Civil Wars 12(3):282–303. https://doi.org/10.1080/13698249.2010.509562
Article
Google Scholar
Eriksson J (1996) Synthesis report: the international response to conflict and genocide: lessons from the Rwanda experience, Steering Committee of the Joint Evaluation of Emergency Assistance to Rwanda, London
Google Scholar
Erlanger S (2000) U.N. Official warns of losing the peace in Kosovo. New York Times, 3 July 2000
Google Scholar
Euractiv (2014) Sue Lautze: South Sudan needs ‘meaningful peace’. Available via EURACTIV. https://www.euractiv.com/section/development-policy/interview/sue-lautze-south-sudan-needs-meaningful-peace/. Accessed 19 July 2021
Google Scholar
Evening Standard (2007) Mr Benn where has our £400m Afghan Aid Money gone?, 20 January 2007
Google Scholar
Fawcett J, Tanner V (1999) Birth of the Aid Juggernaut in Former Yugoslavia (1991-2): Humanitarian plot or unintended consequences? A report to USAID's Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance, USAID, Washington DC
Google Scholar
Feher M (2000) Powerless by design: the age of the international community. Duke University Press, Durham/London. https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822397694
Book
Google Scholar
Feher M (2004) Constancy in context. Winsconson Int Law J 24(3):773–784
Google Scholar
Foley C (2008) The thin blue line: how humanitarianism went to war. Verso, London
Google Scholar
Foley C (2017) The protection of civilians by UN peacekeepers: saving succeeding generations. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108236126
Book
Google Scholar
Foxley T (2007) Why the PRTs must be reviewed. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute Project Paper (internal document)
Google Scholar
Gibbs D (2009) First do no harm: humanitarian intervention and the destruction of Yugoslavia. Vanderbilt University Press, Nashville. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv16h2n88
Book
Google Scholar
Giradet E (1993) Public opinion, the media and humanitarianism. In: Weiss T, Minear L (eds) Humanitarianism across Borders: Sustaining Civilians in Times of War. Lynne Rienner, Boulder, pp 39–55
Google Scholar
Goodhand J (2013) Contested boundaries: NGOs and civil-military relations in Afghanistan. Central Asian Survey 32(3):287–305. https://doi.org/10.1080/02634937.2013.835211
Article
Google Scholar
Gordon S (2000) Recipe for making safe areas unsafe. In: Gordon S, Toase F (eds) Aspects of Peacekeeping. Routledge, London, pp 213–230
Google Scholar
Gordon S (2004) Military—humanitarian relationships and the invasion of Iraq (2003): reforging certainties? J Humanitarian Assistance https://sites.tufts.edu/jha/archives/101. Accessed 27 July 2018
Gow J (1997) Triumph and a lack of will: international diplomacy and the Yugoslav War. Columbia University Press, New York
Google Scholar
Hammerstad A (2014) The Rise and Decline of a Global Security Actor: UNHCR, Refugee Protection and Security. Oxford University Press, Oxford. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199213085.001.0001
Book
Google Scholar
Hartmann F (2015) Le Sang de la realpolitik, l'affaire Srebrenica. Don Quichotte, Paris
Google Scholar
Havel V (1999) Moi aussi je me sens albanais. Le Monde, 29 April 1999
Google Scholar
Hehir A (2008) Humanitarian intervention after Kosovo: Iraq, Darfur and the record of global societies. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230584105
Book
Google Scholar
Hehir B (1998) Military intervention and national sovereignty: recasting the relationship. In: Moore J, Ignatieff M (eds) Hard Choices: Moral Dilemmas in Humanitarian Intervention. Rowman & Littlefield, Oxford, pp 29–54
Google Scholar
Hess P (2003) Rumsfield declares war over in Afghanistan, United Press International Available via UPI. http://www.upi.com/Archives/2003/05/01/Rumsfeld-declares-war-over-in-Afghanistan/191105176160. Accessed 23 Apr 2017
Hochschild F (2004) It is better to leave, we can’t protect you. J Refugee Stud 17(3):286–300. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/17.3.286
Article
Google Scholar
Hoffman S (1996) Intervention in the former Yugoslavia. In: Hoffman S (ed) The Ethics and Politics of Humanitarian Intervention. University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, pp 38–60
Google Scholar
Hofman M (2014) The Evolution from Integrated Missions to 'Peace Keepers on Steroids': How Aid by Force Erodes Humanitarian Access. Glob Responsibility Protect 6(S2):246–263. https://doi.org/10.1163/1875984X-00602009
Article
Google Scholar
Holbrooke R (1999) To end a war. Modern Library, New York
Google Scholar
Hopgood S (2015) Interview: Stephen Hopgood. Available via E-IR. www.e-ir.info/2015/07/03/interview-stephen-hopgood. Accessed 29 Dec 2020
Google Scholar
Hopgood S (2019) When the music stops: humanitarianism in a post-liberal world order. J Humanitarian Aff 1(1):4–14. https://doi.org/10.7227/JHA.002
Article
Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch (1999) Leave none to tell the story: genocide in Rwanda. HRW, New York
Google Scholar
Hunt J (2019) Yemen crisis won’t be solved by UK arms exports halt. Available via POLITICO. https://www.politico.eu/article/conflict-war-un-yemen-crisis-wont-be-solved-by-uk-arms-exports-halt/. Accessed 20 July 2021
Google Scholar
Hutchinson J (1996) Champions of charity: war and the rise of the Red Cross. Westview Press, Boulder
Google Scholar
Huysmans J (2002) Shape-shifting NATO: humanitarian action and the Kosovo refugee crisis. Rev Int Stud 28(3):599–618. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210502005995
Article
Google Scholar
Inter-Agency Standing Committee (2014) Inter-agency humanitarian evaluation of response to conflict in South Sudan. Final Terms of Reference. IASC, Geneva
Google Scholar
Inter-Agency Standing Committee (n.d.) Key messages: the IASC’s transformative agenda. Available via IASC. https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/system/files/legacy_files/KM%20and%20FAQ%20on%20Transformative%20Agenda%20final.docx. Accessed 20 July 2021
Internal Displacement Monitoring Committee (2014) Greater humanitarian and development efforts needed to meet IDPs’ growing needs. IDMC, Geneva
Google Scholar
International Committee of the Red Cross (2000) Fourth workshop on protection on human rights and humanitarian organisations: the challenges of complementarity (internal document). ICRC, Geneva
Google Scholar
International Crisis Group (1999) War in the Balkans: consequences of the Kosovo conflict and future options for Kosovo and the region. Balkans Report N° 61. ICG, Brussels
Google Scholar
International Crisis Group (2006) Countering Afghanistan insurgency: no quick fixes. Asia Report No. 123. ICG, Brussels
Google Scholar
International Herald Tribune (1994) Rwandan Officials escape to Safe Zone, 16/17 July 1994
Google Scholar
International Monetary Fund (2003) Islamic state of Afghanistan: rebuilding a macroeconomic framework for reconstruction and growth. Country Report No. 03/299. IMF, Washington DC
Google Scholar
International Security Assistance Force (2012) Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT) Handbook (on file with the author)
Google Scholar
Irish Times (2001) We will not walk away after conflict, says Blair. Irish Times, 9 October 2001
Google Scholar
Jackson A (2010) Nowhere to turn: the failure to protect civilians in Afghanistan. Oxfam International, Oxford
Google Scholar
Jean F (1993) Introduction. In: Francois J (ed) Life, Death and Aid: the Medecins Sans Frontieres report on World Crisis Intervention. Routledge, London, pp 1–10
Google Scholar
Jehl D (1994) Officials told to avoid calling Rwanda Killings ‘Genocide’. New York Times, 10 June 1994
Google Scholar
Johnson T, Mason C (2007) Understanding the Taliban and Insurgency in Afghanistan. Orbis 51(1):71–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orbis.2006.10.006
Article
Google Scholar
Jones DB (1997) NGOs in complex emergency project. Conflict Analysis and Development Unit. London School of Economics and Political Science, London
Google Scholar
Kampfner J (2003) Blair's wars. Simon & Schuster UK Ltd., London
Google Scholar
Kaplan R (1993) Balkan ghosts. St. Martin’s Press, New York
Google Scholar
Kaufman M (1999) The dangers of letting a president read. New York Times, 22 May 1999
Keen D (1996) Organised chaos: not the new world we ordered. World Today 52(1):14–17
Google Scholar
Keen D (1997) A rational kind of madness. Oxford Dev Stud 25(1):67–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/13600819708424122
Article
Google Scholar
Keen D (1999) ‘Who is it between?’ ‘ethnic war’ and rational violence. In: Allen T, Seaton J (eds) The Media of Conflict: War Reporting and Representations of Ethnic Violence. Zed Books, London
Google Scholar
Keen D (2000a) Going to war: how rational is it? In: Carbonnier G, Fleming S (eds) War, Money and Survival: Forum (2). ICRC, Geneva, pp 28–31
Google Scholar
Keen D (2000b) Incentives and disincentives for violence. In: Berdal M, Malone DM (eds) Greed and Grievance: Economic Agendas in Civil Wars. Lynne Reinner Publishers, Boulder, pp 19–42
Google Scholar
Keen D (2000c) War and peace: what's the difference? Int Peacekeeping 7(4):1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/13533310008413860
Article
Google Scholar
Keen D (2005) Liberalization and conflict. Int Pol Sci Rev 26(1):73–89
Google Scholar
Keen D (2009a) Occasional Paper 9: Economic Initiatives to Tackle Conflict: Bringing Politics Back. Crisis States Research Centre, LSE Development Studies Institute (DESTIN), London
Google Scholar
Keen D (2009b) Security and protection. KEYNOTE PAPER. International Conference: ‘Protecting People in Conflict and Crisis: Responding to the Challenges of a Changing World’. Available via REFUGEE STUDIES CENTRE. https://www.rsc.ox.ac.uk/files/files-1/dp-security-protection-2009.pdf. Accessed 19 July 2021
Google Scholar
Kent G (2003) Humanitarian agencies, media and the war against Bosnia: 'neutrality' and framing moral equalisation in a genocidal war of expansion. J Humanitarian Assistance https://sites.tufts.edu/jha/files/2011/04/a141.pdf. Accessed 25 June 2015
Ki-Moon B (2016) One humanity: shared responsibility: report of the Secretary-General for the World Humanitarian Summit, advance unedited draft. United Nations, Geneva
Google Scholar
Labonte M (2003) Norm entrepreneurship, management, and humanitarian politics: the false paradox of balancing between neutrality and advocacy. Paper presented at the 2003 Annual Conference of the International Studies Association, Portland 26 February – 1 March 2003
Google Scholar
Leader N, Atmar H (2004) Political projects: reform, aid and the state in Afghanistan. In: Donini A, Niland N, Wermenster K (eds) Nation-Building Unravelled? Aid, Peace and Justice. Kumarian Press Inc, Bloomfield, pp 166–186
Google Scholar
Leader N, Macrae J (2001) Apples, Pears and Porridge: The Origins and Impact of the Search for ‘Coherence’ between Humanitarian and Political Responses to Chronic Political Emergencies. Disasters 25(4):290-307.
Le Pape M, Bradol J-H (2017) Humanitarian aid, genocide and mass killings: Medecins sans Frontieres, the Rwandan experience, 1982-97. Manchester University Press, Manchester
Lockhart C (2011) Struggling for Government Leadership: The Relationship between Afghan and International Actors in Post-2001 Afghanistan. In: Mayall J, De Oliveira, R S (eds) The New Protectorates: International Tutelage and the Making of States. Hurst and Company, London. pp. 259-80
Lorenzi M (1998) Entretiens avec Cornelio Sommaruga: Le CICR, le coeur et la raison. Favre, Lausanne.
Lowell M, Crisp J, Mayne A (1994) Working in a War Zone: Review of UNHCR Operations in the Former Yugoslavia. UNHCR Evaluation Unit, Geneva Available via UNHCR http://www.unhcr.org/uk/research/evalreports/3bd41feb4/working-war-zone-review-unhcrs-operations-former-yugoslavia.html. Accessed 22 Apr 2017
Google Scholar
Luttwak E (1999) Give War a Chance. Foreign Aff 78(4):36–44. https://doi.org/10.2307/20049362
Article
Google Scholar
Macrae J, Burton J, Lebas J (1996) Origins of unease: setting the context of current ethical debate. Paper presented at seminar Forum on Ethics in Humanitarian Aid, Dublin 9-10 December 1996
Google Scholar
Major J (1994) Letter to head of Oxfam David Bryer, 10 May 1994. Obtained via a Freedom of Information Request
Google Scholar
Major J (1999) John major: the autobiography. Harper Collins, London
Google Scholar
Manchester W (1989) The last lion: Winston Spencer Churchill: Alone 1932-1940. Bantam, New York
Google Scholar
Martone G (2006) Life with dignity: what is the minimum standard? In: Bayevsky AF, Fitzpatrick J, Helton A (eds) Human Rights and Refugees, Internally Displaced Persons and Migrant Workers. Marinus Nijhoff Publishers, Boston, pp 129–144
Google Scholar
McHugh G, Gostelow L (2004) Provincial reconstruction teams and humanitarian-military relations in Afghanistan. Save the Children, London
Google Scholar
McKernan B (2018) Yemen: up to 85,000 young children dead from starvation. The Guardian, 21 November 2018
Google Scholar
Melvern L (2004) The West did intervene in Rwanda, on the wrong side. The Guardian, 5 April 2004
Google Scholar
Mendiluce J-M (1994) War and disaster in the former Yugoslavia: the limits of humanitarian action. In: US Committee for Refugees (ed) World refugee survey 1994. U.S Committee for Refugees, Washington DC, pp 10–19
Google Scholar
Merat A (2019) The Saudis couldn't do it without us': the UK's true role in Yemen's deadly war. The Guardian, 18 June 2019
Google Scholar
Minear L, Smilie I (2004) The charity of nations: humanitarian action in a calculating world. Kumarian Press Inc, Bloomfield
Google Scholar
Mooney E (1995) Presence, ergo protection? UNPROFOR, UNHCR and the ICRC in Croatia and Bosnia-Hercegovina. Int J Refugee Law 7(3):407–435. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijrl/7.3.407
Article
Google Scholar
Moorehead C (1998) Dunant's dream: war, Switzerland and the history of the Red Cross. Harper Collins, London
Google Scholar
Morison E (1954) The Letters of Theodore Roosevelt. Harvard University Press, Cambridge
Google Scholar
Morris N (1998a) Humanitarian aid and neutrality. Available via UNIVERSITY OF ESSEX https://www.essex.ac.uk/rightsinacutecrisis/report/morris.htm#footnotes. Accessed 23 Apr 2017
Google Scholar
Morris N (1998b) The crisis in Kosovo. UNHCR Office of the Special Envoy for the former Yugoslavia, 22 September 1998 (internal document)
Google Scholar
Morris N (1999) Origins of a Crisis. Refugees 3(116):18–19
Google Scholar
Morris N (2003) Humanitarian intervention in the Balkans. In: Welsh J (ed) Humanitarian Intervention and International Relations. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 98–119. https://doi.org/10.1093/0199267219.003.0006
Chapter
Google Scholar
Morris N (2004) Humanitarian Intervention in the Balkans. In: Welsh J (ed) Humanitarian Intervention and International Relations. Oxford University Press, Oxford. pp. 98-119
Morris N (2007) The Balkans: the limits of humanitarian action. In: Minear L, Smith H (eds) Humanitarian Diplomacy: Practitioners and their Craft. United Nations University Press, Tokyo, pp 347–371
Google Scholar
Mowjee T (2006) Humanitarian Agenda 2015: Sudan Country Study. Feinstein International Centre, Medford
Google Scholar
Mundy M (2017) Empire of information: the war on Yemen and its agricultural sector. Available via LSE BLOGS. https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/mec/2017/06/19/empire-of-information-the-war-on-yemen-and-its-agricultural-sector/. Accessed 10 July 2021
Google Scholar
NATO (1999) Press Conference by NATO Secretary General Javier Solana and General Wesley K. Clark, SACEUR, 1 April 1999. Available via NATO. http://www.nato.int/kosovo/press/p990401c.htm. Accessed 23 Apr 2017
Google Scholar
Nicoll A (2002) Troops’ role is to help interim rulers. Financial Times, 11 January 2002
Google Scholar
O'Brien P (2003) PRTs—guaranteeing or undermining a secure future for Afghanistan? Forced Migr Rev 18:38–39
Google Scholar
O'Brien P (2005) Rights-based responses to aid politicization in Afghanistan. In: Gready P, Ensor J (eds) Reinventing Development? Translating Rights-based pproaches from Theory into Practise. Zed Books, London/New York, pp 201–232
Google Scholar
O'Brien P, Barker P (2003) Old questions needing new answers: a fresh look at security needs. In: Sedra M (ed) Confronting Afghanistan's Security Dilemma: Reforming the Security Sector. Bonn International Centre for Conversion, Bonn, pp 17–22
Google Scholar
Ogata S (2005) The turbulent decade: confronting the refugee crises of the 1990s. Norton, New York
Google Scholar
Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (1999) Human Rights in Kosovo: As Seen, As Told, Volume II. OSCE, Vienna
Google Scholar
Owen D (2013) Bosnia-Herzegovina : the Vance/Owen Peace Plan. Liverpool University Press, Liverpool
Google Scholar
Oxfam (2015) British aid and British arms—a coherent approach to Yemen? Oxfam Briefing Note. Available via OXFAM POLICY PRACTICE. https://policy-practice.oxfam.org.uk/publications/british-aid-and-british-arms-a-coherent-approach-to-yemen-577040. Accessed on 1 Aug 2019
Google Scholar
Pekmez J (2001) The intervention by the international community and the rehabilitation of Kosovo, Centre for Applied Studies in International Negotiations, Geneva
Google Scholar
Perlez J (2000) Allies split on Kosovo: spiralling violence divides US and NATO. International Herald Tribune, 14 March 2000
Google Scholar
Pettifer J (2012) The Kosovo liberation army: underground war to Balkan insurgency, 1948-2001. Hurst & Co., London
Google Scholar
Piiparinen T (2007) A clash of mindsets? An Insider's account of provincial reconstruction teams. Int Peacekeeping 14(1):143–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/13533310601114350
Article
Google Scholar
Power S (2002) A problem from hell: America and the age of genocide. Basic Books, New York
Google Scholar
Prendergast J (1997) Crisis response: humanitarian band aids in Sudan and Somalia. Pluto Press, London/Chicago
Google Scholar
Priest D (1999) Risk and restraint: why the apaches never flew in Kosovo. Washington Post, 29 December 1999
Google Scholar
Prunier G (1995) The Rwanda crisis 1959-1994: history of a genocide. Hurst & Co., London
Google Scholar
Pugh M (2000) Civil-military relations in Kosovo: an emerging hegemony? Secur Dialogue 31(2):229–242. https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010600031002008
Article
Google Scholar
Purdum T, French H (2002) US makes pledge for $300 million in Aid to Afghans. New York Times, 21 January 2002
Google Scholar
Riddell RC (2007) Does foreign aid really work? Oxford University Press, Oxford
Google Scholar
Rieff D (1996) Slaughterhouse: Bosnia and the Failure of the West. Touchstone, New York
Google Scholar
Rieff D (1997) Charity on the rampage. Foreign Aff 76(1):132–138. https://doi.org/10.2307/20047914
Article
Google Scholar
Rieff D (2002) A bed for the night: humanitarianism in crisis. Simon and Schuster, New York
Google Scholar
Roberts A (1993) Humanitarian war: military intervention and human rights. Int Aff 69(3):429–449. https://doi.org/10.2307/2622308
Article
Google Scholar
Roberts A (1999) NATO's Humanitarian war over Kosovo. Survival 41(3):102–123. https://doi.org/10.1080/00396339912331342943
Article
Google Scholar
Rose, M (1995) The UN can only do so much in Bosnia. The Guardian, 3 May 1995
Google Scholar
Rubin B, Stoddard A, Hamidzada H, Farhadi A (2004) Building a new Afghanistan: the value of success, the cost of failure. New York University, New York
Google Scholar
Rufin J-C (1993) The paradoxes of armed protection. In: Francois J (ed) Life, Death and Aid: the Medecins Sans Frontieres report on World Crisis Intervention. Routledge, London, pp 111–123
Google Scholar
Save the Children (2019) Stop the war on children. Save the Children, London
Google Scholar
Schoenberger-Orgad M (2007) Communicating Strategically: Public Relations and Organisational Legitimacy. PhD Thesis, University of Waikato, Hamilton
Scott-Smith T (2016) Humanitarian dilemmas in a mobile world. Refugee Surv Q 35(2):1–21. https://doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdw001
Article
Google Scholar
Shawcross W (2000) Deliver us from evil: warlords and peacekeepers in a world of endless conflict. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, London
Google Scholar
Slim H (1997) International humanitarianism's engagement with civil war in the 1990s: a glance at evolving practice and theory. J Humanitarian Assistance http://repository.forcedmigration.org/show_metadata.jsp?pid=fmo:2719. Accessed 27 July 2018
Slim H (2001) Violence and humanitarianism: moral paradox and the protection of civilians. Secur Dialogue 32(3):325–339. https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010601032003005
Article
Google Scholar
Slim H (2004) Protecting civilians: putting the individual at the humanitarian centre. In: UNOCHA (ed) The Humanitarian Decade: Challenges for Humanitarian Assistance in the Last Decade and into the Future. Vol II: General Assembly Resolution 46/182: The Development of Practice, Principles and the Humanitarian Framework. UNOCHA, New York, pp 154–170
Google Scholar
Stapleton B (2003a) A British agencies Afghanistan group briefing paper on the development of joint regional teams in Afghanistan. Refugee Council, London
Google Scholar
Stapleton B (2003b) The provincial reconstruction team plan in Afghanistan: a new direction? ACBAR, Kabul
Google Scholar
Stapleton B (2007) A means to what end? Why PRTs are peripheral to the bigger political challenges in Afghanistan. J Mil Strateg Stud 10(1):1–49
Google Scholar
Stapleton B, Keating M (2016) Afghanistan: opportunity in crisis series No. 10: Military and Civilian Assistance to Afghanistan 2001-14: An Incoherent Approach. Chatham House, London
Google Scholar
Stewart F (ed) (2008) Horizontal inequalities and conflict: understanding group violence in multi-ethnic societies. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke
Google Scholar
Stockton N (2002) Strategic coordination in Afghanistan, issue paper series. Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit, Kabul
Google Scholar
Stockton N (2004) Afghanistan, war, aid and international order. In: Donini A, Niland N, Wermenster K (eds) Nation-Building Unravelled? Aid. Peace and Justice. Kumarian Press Inc., Bloomfield, pp 9–38
Google Scholar
Stoddard A (2006) Humanitarian alert: NGO information and its impact on US foreign policy. Kumarian Press, Bloomfield
Google Scholar
Straw J (2001) Building will follow the Bombing. The Guardian, 25 October 2001
Google Scholar
Tanguy J (2000) When intervening in the name of humanity, Be Cautious. Public Aff Rep 41(1):8–10
Google Scholar
Temin J (2018) From independence to civil war: atrocity prevention and US policy toward South Sudan. Simon-Skjodt Center for the Prevention of Genocide, Washington D.C
Google Scholar
Terry F (1998) The paradoxes of humanitarian aid. Agenda 5(2):135–146. https://doi.org/10.22459/AG.05.02.1998.01
Article
Google Scholar
Terry F (2002) Condemned to Repeat? The Paradox of Humanitarian Action. Cornell University Press, New York
Google Scholar
The Guardian (2001a) Speech by Foreign Secretary Jack Straw to the International Institute of Strategic Studies. Available via THE GUARDIAN. http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2001/oct/22/britainand911.september11. Accessed 23 Apr 2017
Google Scholar
The Guardian (2001b) Full text of Blair’s speech. Available via THE GUARDIAN. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/oct/08/september11.usa5. Accessed 23 Apr 2017
Google Scholar
The Guardian (2016) The Guardian view on Yemen: stop helping the killing, 6 November 2016
Google Scholar
The Independent (1992) NATO may send in 100,000 troops to cover aid convoy, 7 August 1992
Google Scholar
Thier A (2006) Afghanistan. In: Durch W (ed) Twenty-first-century peace operations. United States Institute for Peace & The Henry L. Stimson Centre, Washington DC, pp 467–572
Google Scholar
Tomlinson R (2000) Reversing the Downward Spiral: Exploring Cultural Dissonance between the Military and NGOs on Humanitarian Operations. Dissertation, Royal College of Science, Cranfield University, Cranfield.
United Nations (1996) The United Nations and Rwanda 1993–1996. UN Department of Public Information, New York
Google Scholar
United Nations (2014) Special Report of the Secretary-General on the Review of the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur, S/2014/138
Google Scholar
United Nations (2015) Special Report of the Secretary-General on the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur S/2015/163
Google Scholar
United Nations (2017) Report of the Secretary-General on the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur S/2017/1113
Google Scholar
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Assistance (2015) Report of the inter-agency humanitarian evaluation (IAHE) of the Response to the Crisis in South Sudan. Final Evaluation Report. IASC, Juba
Google Scholar
United Nations Panel of Experts (2017) Letter dated 13 April 2017 from the Panel of Experts on South Sudan established pursuant to Security Council resolution 2206 (2015) addressed to the President of the Security Council. S/2017/326
United Nations Panel of Experts on South Sudan (2015) Letter dated 21 August 2015 from the Panel of Experts on South Sudan established pursuant to Security Council resolution 2206 (2015) addressed to the President of the Security Council. S/2015/656
United Nations Panel of Experts on South Sudan (2016) Letter dated 22 January 2016 from the Panel of Experts on South Sudan established pursuant to Security Council resolution 2206 (2015) addressed to the President of the Security Council. S/2016/70
United States Office of the Deputy Assistance Secretary of Defense for Middle East/Africa Region (1994) Discussion Paper: Rwanda. Available via GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY. http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB53/rw050194.pdf. Accessed 19 July 2021
Google Scholar
United States State Department (2000) Interagency review of US government civilian and humanitarian transition programs. US State Department, Washington DC
Google Scholar
Uvin P (1993) Do as i do, not as i say: the limits of political conditionality. Eur J Dev Res 5(1):63–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/09578819308426579
Article
Google Scholar
Uvin P (1998) Aiding Violence: The Development Enterprise in Rwanda. Kumarian Press, West Hartford
Uvin P, Biagiotti I (1996) Global governance and the “new” political conditionality. Glob Governance 2(3):377–400
Google Scholar
Vaux T (2001) The Selfish Altruist. Earthscan, London
Google Scholar
Vaux T (2015) Inter-agency humanitarian evaluation of response to conflict in South Sudan, evaluation report draft 1. Available via HUMAN SECURITY. https://www.humansecurity.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/SSudanIAHEVaux.pdf. Accessed on 25 July 2018
Google Scholar
Vaux T (2017) Trumped-up Aid and the Challenge of Global Poverty. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, Scotts Valley
Vrijzinnig Protestantse Radio Omroep (2015) 2doc: why srebrenica had to fail. Available via VPRO. http://www.vpro.nl/programmas/2doc/2015/waarom-srebrenica-moest-vallen0.html. Accessed 27 July 2016
Google Scholar
Weissman F (2004) Military Humanitarianism: a deadly confusion. Médecins sans Frontières. Available via MSF-CRASH. http://www.msf-crash.org/drive/e7aa-fw-2004-militaro-humanitaire-une-confusion-mortelle-_uk-art-p.5_.pdf. Accessed 23 Apr 2017
Google Scholar
Wheeler N (2000) Saving strangers: Humanitarian Intervention in International Society. Oxford University Press, Oxford. https://doi.org/10.1093/0199253102.001.0001
White House (2002) Press Briefing by Ari Flesicher, 25 January 2002. Available via GEORGE W BUSH WHITE HOUSE ARCHIVES. https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2002/01/20020128-11.html. Accessed 27 June 2015
Google Scholar
Young K (2001) UNHCR and ICRC in the former Yugoslavia: Bosnia-Herzegovina. Int Rev Red Cross 83(843):781–806
Google Scholar
Zurcher C (2012) Conflict, state fragility and aid effectiveness. Confl Secur Dev 12(5):461–480. https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2012.744180
Article
Google Scholar
Zurcher C, Bohnke J, Koehler J (2015) Assessing the impact of development cooperation in North East Afghanistan 2007-2013. Final Report. Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, Berlin