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Table 3 Chronology in the Beirut response with a focus on international USAR response (e.g. @fire, SARAID)

From: COVID-19 and the expanding role of international urban search and rescue (USAR) teams: the case of the 2020 Beirut explosions

Date

Local time

Event/action

4 August

18:08

Explosions at the Beirut port

4 August

The Lebanese government requested international USAR assistance

5 August

Morning

The Embassy of Lebanon in Germany received the offer of assistance.

5 August

International USAR teams began to arrive in Beirut (within 24 h of the explosion).

6 August

06:20

The first group of @fire arrived.

6 August

16:25

The second group of @fire arrived.

6 August

23:00

The first group of SARAID arrived.

6 August

The UCC was established.

6 August

The Lebanese government no longer required additional SAR assistance.

8 August

09:00

Establishment of the “Beyond the Rubble” coordination system was announced.

8 August

21:00

The second group of SARAID arrived.

9 August

13:00

The LEMA declared the end of the SAR phase (5 days after the explosion), and the UCC was closed down.

10 August

@fire team completed their mission.

12 August

23:00

SARAID team completed their mission.