How to talk with dying patients and their families after disasters and humanitarian crises: a review of available tools and guides for disaster responders

Journal of International Humanitarian Action

Table 2 C³DC model for disaster education

Phase of disaster	Education and training	Implications for palliative care
Prevention and mitigation	Risk reduction, disease prevention, health promotion, policy development and planning, mitigation	Understand the incidence and prevalence of life limiting diseases in the community
Preparedness	Ethical practice, legal practice and accountability, communication and information sharing, education and preparedness	Understand the existing laws and protections for vulnerable populations; educate populations about healthcare proxy designation
Response	Care of the community, care of individuals and families, psychological care, care of vulnerable populations	Training responders in communication skills and triage
Recovery	Long-term individual, family, and community recovery, building resilience	Bereavement counseling