Robert Strauss Centre’s complex emergency framework | Relevance to the Anglophone crisis/scores | Scale score | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Complex emergency types and themes | Variables | Low relevance | Relevant | Very relevant | Extremely relevant | Theme scores | Types of complex emergency scores | |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||
Acute | Components | Acute high-intensity conflict: level is higher than the country’s baseline of violent events | ✓ | 10 | 36 | |||
Acute environmental disaster | ✓ | |||||||
High level of poverty | ✓ | |||||||
Complex social and ethnic geography | ✓ | |||||||
Relative impact assessment | Large area affected | ✓ | 15 | |||||
Food insecurity price hikes | ✓ | |||||||
High mortality rates | ✓ | |||||||
Concentrated forms of conflict-induced refugees and internally displaced persons | ✓ | |||||||
Epidemic outbreaks | ✓ | |||||||
Types of instability | Political (acute conflict): level of violent events higher than the country baseline of recorded events and fatalities | ✓ | 11 | |||||
Environmental (environmental disasters): acute disasters lasting 1 to 15 days (flood, drought, storm, insect infestation, wildfire) | ✓ | |||||||
Economic (high level of poverty): high poverty (HP) headcount ratio at $1.25 a day (PPP) (% of population) | ✓ | |||||||
Demographic (complex ethnic geography): multiple ethnic groups, demographic pressure | ✓ | |||||||
Chronic | Components | Chronic, low intensity of armed and fatal political violence | ✓ | 11 | 29 | |||
Vulnerability to climate change-induced hazards | ✓ | |||||||
High level of poverty: marginalised region | ✓ | |||||||
Changing demographics between groups | ✓ | |||||||
Relative impact assessment | Large area affected | ✓ | 8 | |||||
Medium-to-high level of displacement: internal, short term, and circular | ✓ | |||||||
Chronic food insecurity: collapse of market and price hikes | ✓ | |||||||
Types of instability | Political (low-intensity conflict): low and persistent level of violent events recorded over 5 years | ✓ | 10 | |||||
Environmental (climate-related hazard exposure): chronic and long-lasting disasters of over 15 days (drought, floods) | ✓ | |||||||
Economic (marginalised region vs. rest of the country) Low GDP per capita under-development of the region | ✓ | |||||||
Demographic (settlement in camps): refugees, internally displaced persons | ✓ | |||||||
Urban | Components | High level of civic violence: rioting and protesting | ✓ | 11 | 30 | |||
High level of exposure to climate change hazards | ✓✪ | |||||||
High level of unemployment and high percentage of the under-serviced population | ✓ | |||||||
Unstable demographic dynamics: rural-urban migration and urban refugees | ✓ | |||||||
Relative impact assessment | Localised affected area | ✓ | 9 | |||||
Epidemic outbreaks | ✓ | |||||||
Concentrated forms of displacement | ✓ | |||||||
Acute food insecurity: seasonal price hikes | ✓ | |||||||
Large slum population | ✓ | |||||||
Types of instability | Political (urban violence): high level of riots and protests compared to other violence | ✓ | 10 | |||||
Environmental (high level of climate-related hazard exposure): rainfall, chronic water scarcity, cyclones, wildfires, floods, and coastal zones | ✓ | |||||||
Economic (high poverty): urban poverty headcount ratio (% of urban population) | ✓ | |||||||
Demographic (migrants in urban areas) | ✓ | |||||||
Protracted | Components | High level of unemployment and high percentage of the under-serviced population | ✓ | 16 | 34 | |||
Unstable demographic dynamics: rural-urban migration and urban refugees | ✓ | |||||||
Absence of central authority and protracted conflict with multiple non-state actors | ✓ | |||||||
Severe vulnerability to climate change-induced reoccurring and sudden disasters | ✓ | |||||||
High level of poverty and collapse of state and local economies | ✓ | |||||||
Disturbed demographics | ✓ | |||||||
Relative impact assessment | Transnational with local hotspots | ✓ | 6 | |||||
Epidemic outbreaks | ✓ | |||||||
Chronic food insecurity and famine: food availability | ✓ | |||||||
Intermittent phases of displacement | ✓ | |||||||
Types of instability | Political (protracted conflict): constant high level of violent events and fatalities recorded with periods of over 5 years of acute conflict | ✓ | 12 | |||||
Environmental (high level of climate-related hazard exposure): long-lasting disasters of over 15 days (drought, floods) | ✓ | |||||||
Economic (collapse of the national economy): national GDP drop, high poverty headcount ratio at $1.25 a day (PPP) (% of population) | ✓ | |||||||
Demographic (high population of refugees and internally displaced persons): collapse of life expectancy | ✓ | |||||||
Total scores | 14 | 7 | 19 | 11 | ||||
Percentage of scores | 27.5 | 13.5 | 37.5 | 21.5 |